"Cumpostu urgànicu" : Diffirenzi ntrê virsioni
n Juncii n'articulu novu libbiramenti traduciutu di chiddu di l'angrisi sèmprici "(...) simple:Organic compound (...)". |
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Virsioni dû 12:03, 2 sit 2009
Organic compounds are compounds with carbon. Almost all organic compounds contain hydrogen besides carbon. Many contain oxygen too. They are usually covalent compounds.
History
The name "organic" is a historical name from the 19th century.
People believed that only living things could make organic compounds and "dead" things (such as minerals) could make inorganic compounds. However, Friedrich Wöhler proved this wrong because certain compounds in urine were thought to be inorganic, but urine came from a living thing.
Kinds of Organic Compounds
There are many ways to sort organic compounds. There are natural ones, and synthetic ones. They can also be described with functional groups, which are small patterns of connected atoms, which occur in many different orders in many places. One way of showing the molecule is by drawing its structural formula. Because molecules can have complicated structures, people have made ways to show them in simple language. The latest way of showing organic compounds is the line-angle formula. This is based on Carbon atoms; each atom, including carbon atoms, is connected by a line to each atom that it is covalently bonded to. One line means a single bond, two lines means a double bond and so on.
Because there is in an infinite number of possible organic compounds, language is needed to give a unique name to each one. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, or IUPAC, made a system for doing this. Although an IUPAC name makes every single possible molecule unique, the names are often long and complicated, so in everyday life, trivial names--unofficial but widely understood names--are used, such as the Trivial names Paracetamol, Tylenol, and Acetaminophen, which are used for a compound whose IUPAC name is N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide.
Natural Compounds
Natural compounds are compounds made by plants or animals. These could also be made in a lab, but many of these compounds are taken from nature because it is easier and less expensive to do it that way. Some kinds of natural compounds are most Sugars, carbohydrates, many antibiotics like Penicillin and Amoxicillin, and Octane, which is the most important ingredient in gasoline.
Synthetic Compounds
Synthetic Compounds are those made by people. Sometimes, this is done by taking something natural and changing the molecule in a small way, such as making glycerine from vegetable oils. Other compounds are synthesized in long, complicated reactions with many steps. Plastics are sometimes mostly natural, and other kinds are very hard to make.
Seeing Structure
Since a compound is often first discovered in nature instead of being made on purpose in a lab, people may know the compound exists, and even know what it does sometimes, but not know exactly what atoms it is made of and how it is arranged. There are several ways of taking an unknown compound and finding out this structure:
Compare: Inorganic compound
