Filu (bioluggìa)

Nu filu (plurali: fila) è nu taxon usatu ntâ classificazzioni scintìfica pi tutti li cosi viventi. La palora latina Phyla veni dû grecu phylai chi foru li gruppi di pirsuni chi vutàvanu ntê stati dâ Grecia antica. Li fila rapprisèntanu li cchiù granni gruppi d'armali e autri cosi viventi chi pussèdinu certi carattiristichi biològgichi. A li voti li fila vennu divisi ntra suprafila.

Li fila cchiù canusciuti sunnu Mollusca, Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Artropoda, Echinodermata, Chordata; l'umani s'appartennu cu st'ùrtimu.

Oi lu sistema dî tri duminî veni usatu largamenti e chissu agghiunci lu liveddu di Duminiu supra Regnu comu ddu liveddu cchiù autu.

Lista dî fila di l'armali

Filu	Significatu	Nomu cumuni	Carattirìstichi distinti	Speci discritti
Acanthocephala	Testa spinusa	Vermi câ testa spinusa	Spinusu proboscis	circa 1.150
Acoelomorpha	Senza stòmacu	—	Cci nni màncanu la vucca
Annelida	Aneddu nicu	Vermi sigmintati	Tanti segghimenti cìrculi	circa 15.000
Arthropoda	pedi junciutu	Taràntuli e nzetti	esschèlitru	1.134.000+
Brachiopoda	Vrazzu pedi	Lamp shells	Lophophore e pedicle	tra 300 e 500
Bryozoa	Armali di lippu	Armali di lippu	Nuddu pidicuddu, granfi di purpu	circa 5.000 speci viventi
Chaetognatha	Jancularu chî capiddi longhi	Vermi di fileccia	Spini ogni latu dâ testa	circa 100 speci viventi
Chordata	Corda	Curdati	Corda càfura chî nervi	63,000+
Cnidaria	Ardìcula spinusa		cèlluli puncenti	circa 10.000
Ctenophora	chi porta nu pèttini	Mucciu di pèttini	Ottu strisci di cilia	circa 100 speci viventi
Cycliophora	chi porta na rota	Symbion	Vucca cìrcula	armenu 3
Echinodermata	Pedda spinusa	—	spini caucificati	circa 7.000 speci viventi 13,000 estinti
Echiura	Cuda spinusa	Vermi di cucchiara	Àmmuri	circa 140
Entoprocta	Dintra anus	Vermu di caliciu	Anus dintra	circa 150
Gastrotricha	Hair stomach	Meiofauna	Two terminal adhesive tubes	about 450
Gnathostomulida	Jaw orifice	Jaw worms
Hemichordata	Half cord	Acorn worms	Stomochord in collar	about 100 living species
Kinorhyncha	Motion snout	Mud dragons	Eleven segments, each with a dorsal plate	about 150
Loricifera	Corset bearer	Brush heads	Umbrella-like scales at each end	about 21
Micrognathozoa	Tiny jaw animals	—	Accordion like extensible thorax	1
Mollusca	Thin shell	Mollusks / molluscs	Muscular foot and mantle round shell	about 70,000 [1]
Myxozoa	Slime animals	—	Polar capsules resembling nematocysts	at least 12,000
Nematoda	Thread like	Round worms	Round cross section, keratin cuticle	80 000 - 1 million
Nematomorpha	Thread form	Horsehair worms		about 320
Nemertea	A sea nymph	Ribbon worms		about 1200
Onychophora	Claw bearer	Velvet worms	Legs tipped by chitinous claws	about 110 modern
Orthonectida	Straight swim			about 20
Phoronida	Zeus' mistress	Horseshoe worms	U-shaped gut	20
Placozoa	Tubular animals			1
Platyhelminthes	Flat worms	Flat worms		about 25,000
Porifera	Pore bearer	Sponges	Perforated interior wall	over 5,000 modern
Priapulida	Penis	Priapulid worms	Retractable proboscis surrounded by papillae	17
Rhombozoa	Lozenge animal	—	Single axial cell surrounded by ciliated cells	75
Rotifera	Wheel bearer	Rotifers	Anterior crown of cilia	about 2000
Sipuncula	Small tube	Peanut worms	Mouth surrounded by invertible tentacles	144-320
Tardigrada	Slow step	Water bears	Four segmented body and head	about 750
Xenoturbellida	Strange flatworm	—	Ciliated deuterostome	2
TOTAL				2,400,000+

List of principal protista phyla

Phylum	Meaning	Common name	Distinguishing characteristics
Rhodophyta	Red plant	Red algae	Algae with no cells having a flagellum
Chromista	Coloured	None	Algae having chlorophyll
Alveolates	Little hollows	None	Similarities within this phyla are genetic
Excavates	Digging	None	Similarities within this phyla are genetic
Rhizaria	Of roots	None	Amoeboids with pseudopods
Amoebozoa	Changing animals	Amoeboids	Move by cytoplasmic flow
Choanozoa	Funnel animal	None	Flagellum surrounded by microvilli
Many more minor phyla within protista are not listed here

Groups formerly ranked as phyla

Name as phylum	Common name	Current consensus
Craniata	—	Subgroup of phylum Chordata; perhaps synonymous with Vertebrata.
Cephalochordata	Lancelets	Subphylum of phylum Chordata
Cephalorhyncha	—	Superphylum Scalidophora.
Enterepneusta	Acorn worms	Class of phylum Hemichordata.
Pentastomida	Tongue worms	Subclass of Maxillopoda of phylum Arthropoda.
Pogonophora	Beard worms	Part of family Siboglinidae of phylum Annelida.
Pterobranchia	—	Class of phylum Hemichordata.
Symplasma	Glass sponges	Class Hexactinellida of phylum Porifera.
Urochordata	Tunicates	Subphylum of phylum Chordata.
Vestimentifera	Vent worms	Part of family Siboglinidae of phylum Annelida.

List of plant divisions

Division	Meaning	Common name	Distinguishing characteristics
Anthophyta	Flower plant	Flowering plants	Producing flowers and fruit (or close relatives)
Bryophyta	Moss plants	Mosses & Worts	Diploid spores, no vascular system
Pteridophyta	Fern plants	Ferns	Diploid spores and vascular system
Pinophyta	Sap/pitch plants	Conifers	Cones containing seeds
Sphenophyta	Wedge plant	Horsetails	Photosynthetic, hollow, jointed and ridged stems
Cycadophyta	Palm plants	Cycads	Seeds, crown of compound leaves
Ginkgophyta	Ginkgo plants	Ginkgo, Maidenhair	Seeds not protected by fruit (single species)
Gnetophyta		Gnetophytes	Seeds and woody vascular system

List of fungi divisions

Phylum	Meaning	Common name	Distinguishing characteristics
Chytridiomycota	Little pot mushroom	Chytrids	Cellulose in cell walls, flagellated gametes
Deuteromycota	Second mushroom	Imperfect fungi	Only reproduce asexually
Zygomycota	Yoke mushroom	Zygomycetes	Blend gametangia to form a zygosporangium
Glomeromycota	Ball mushroom	None	Form arbuscular mycorrhizae with plants
Ascomycota	Bag/Wineskin Mushroom	Sac fungi	Produce spores in an 'ascus
Basidiomycota	Basidium Mushroom	None	Produce spores from a 'basidium'